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event-specific knowledge. c. the same for accepted and rejected offers. surfacing, structuring, and generalizing.d. surface; enhancec. She decided to wait until her mother-in-law returned to ask her where the ladle was, leaving the soup in the stove pot. All cats have wings. /Encoding 16 0 R present one sample design throughout the task.d. >> The best description of the purpose of think-aloud protocols is that they are used to determinea. knottedd. All of the exams use these questions; Ch1 - Focus on Nursing Pharmacology 6e Instructor Test Bank; IS2080C - Lab4 Excel . Conclusion: The sun is going to rise in Nashville tomorrow. c. confuse the ideas of validity and truth. Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if. a person is attending to while solving a problem. Please sign in to share these flashcards. d. dependent on how much money the responder was offered. One stop for all your course learning material, explainations, examples and practice questions. /Type /Font The purpose of this experiment was to: a. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. a. seeing more efficient solutions to the problem. d. mental sets. The sudden realization of a problem's solution. The purpose of this experiment was to, The ability to shift experience from one problem solving situation to a similar problem is known as, The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving. <> The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving.a. The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences between. blankb. Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before th, Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection, Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps:a. restructuring, searching, and simulating.b. noticing, mapping, and applying.c. 17. /Encoding 16 0 R c. buy first class or coach tickets for a spring break trip. /Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis/multiply /F5 7 0 R 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. The medium acrobat is on the left of the large a. d. the way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving. /Type /Font convergent thinking.b. By doing this, Dr. 6 0 obj Many people receive unsolicited calls from telemarketers or unwanted junk mailers advertising offers for products such as cable or Internet services or cellular phone companies. Using a juice glass as a container for orange juice. a. do not always make decisions that maximize their monetary outcome. Holly's ability to solve the "dish up the soup" problem was hindered by which of the following obstacles? Which of the following is not part of a complete definition of a problem? {"cdnAssetsUrl":"","site_dot_caption":"Cram.com","premium_user":false,"premium_set":false,"payreferer":"clone_set","payreferer_set_title":"Quiz 12","payreferer_url":"\/flashcards\/copy\/quiz-12-2532023","isGuest":true,"ga_id":"UA-272909-1","facebook":{"clientId":"363499237066029","version":"v12.0","language":"en_US"}}. representation and restructuring.d. When Sharon asks Wally where they should go for dinner, Wally says "My coworkers keep telling me about that new Japanese place downtown, so it must be a great place to eat." surface features.b. 16 0 obj low-pressureb. Experts often group problems differently than. /ExtGState << /GS1 17 0 R >> /BaseFont /Helvetica-Oblique She takes the street to the north. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. the candle is already lit. /Encoding 16 0 R Experts _____ than novices.a. /Type /Font realization of the solution is sudden. b. performance is better for the abstract task. For each corporate sponsor, Phoenix gets their best advertising team members, and they sit in a room for several hours throwing out every idea they can come up with, no matter how good or bad it is. 21 0 obj b. prior learning hindering problem solving. operators.c. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem . b. general principles that problems share. In Belilock and Carr's study of the relationship between working memory capacity and problem solving, individuals with high working memory capacity performed best in the ________ condition. Using a wine b, Using a juice glass as a container for orange juice, The solution to the candle problem involves realizing that thea. /Type /Font seeing more efficient solutions to the problem.b. Therefore, the two problems have very different Holyoak and Koh presented different versions of the light bulb problem to assist in solving the radiation problem. Ali's use of the cartons represents Phoenix Decorating Company is responsible for designing and building many of the floral floats seen in the Tournament of Roses parade every New Year's Day. c. experimental groups and control groups. a. people arrive at the solution to an insight problem suddenly, but proceed more methodically towards the solution of a non-insight problem. insight.b. how will she retrieve it? The fact that they are able to do so with the help of experts on Earth is similar to the ________ approach developed by Ronald Finke. This research is an example of ______ research. >> 34. The analogy that makes the solution to the mutilated checkerboard problem obvious is the problem. /Name /F4 endobj /Pages 2 0 R /onesuperior/grave/acute/circumflex/tilde/macron/breve/dotaccent c. what positive and negative feelings will occur following a decision to the same degree. In the Tower of Hanoi problem, the _____ state involves having three discs stacked on the left peg, with the middle and right pegs empty. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. << Therefore, the two problems have very differenta. Introducing Cram Folders! We'll bring you back here when you are done. Therefore, the two problems have very different. She decides to use the breaks in between her classes to read and take notes from 15 pages at a time to make the task seem more manageable. Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n). Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field. /Name /F10 /Type /Font The circle problem, in which the task is to determine the length of a line inside acircle, was proposed to illustrate: a. Howanalogies can be used to solve problems. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. endobj What fraction of 105 is 513?5 \frac{1}{3} ?531? 4 0 obj Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments ever 15 seconds to indicate how close the felt they were to a solution. Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? c. bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. You have created 2 folders. Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because: a.the solution is immediately obvious.b.there is an obstacle between the present state and the goal state.c.the goal state is not clearly defined.d.the initial state is not clearly defined. Experts possess more knowledge about their fields than novices.b. Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? a. break up or stay involved with a current girlfriend. Greg was recounting a fishing tale of the one that got away: "I had a huge ahi tuna on my line. << Wally's response illustrates the use of a(n)________. operators.d. After a substantial list has been created, they then go through every idea and rate its merits or deficits, until they come up with the best idea to pitch to the corporate sponsor. /Subtype /Type1 6 : Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make warmth judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution .The purpose of this experiment was to /oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis << /Encoding 16 0 R Their research program was based on the idea that problem solving is a process that involves. /F1 3 0 R To test this hypothesis, Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants insight problems, like the ones in the demonstration below, and noninsight problems and had them make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds, as they were working on the problems. How will Janet retrieve the book? /Subtype /Type1 b. a person's mental set can hinder finding a solution to a problem. History 1301-Ch. Sales of their calcium-enhanced OJ have been poor, and the product was cancelled. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Later, she analyzes the recorded discussions, identifying certain problem-solving techniques. They are unable to. She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. restructuring.b. My brain is best Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards; Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card; audio not yet available for this language, Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. insight is when a problem cannot be solved using conventional methods (Metcalfe & Wiebe, 1987) and the problem solver realizes . endobj Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. well-definedc. the water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us from: seeing more efficient solutions to the problem. 30. c. how to develop computer programs that best mimic human problem solving. b. gradually rise; rise suddenly just, c. rise suddenly just; gradually rise, d. vary unpredictably; vary unpredictably, 6. 12 0 obj Gestalt psychologi, Holly was in her mother-in-law's kitchen preparing lunch for the family. /F4 6 0 R /Subtype /Type1 structural; diminishd. /MediaBox [ 0 0 610 789 ] Add to folder mental sets. /BaseFont /Courier-BoldOblique Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? You are concerned about the detrimental effects of smoking on his health, and you raise that concern to him. The purpose of this experiment was to . high-pressurec. search. Demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems Bonnie placed an order yesterday, and she expects to receive her order tomorrow. The sudden realization of a problem's solution Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection.v. /Type /Font Which of the following is a barrier or obstacle to solving problems. Holly was in her mother-in-law's kitchen preparing lunch for her family. unknotted, Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem?a. the need to overcome a difficult obstacle with no obvious solution available. In the two-string problem, tying the pliers to one of the strings best represents a(n) _______ state. Only one acrobat may jump at a timec. asked us to determine the length of the segment marked x if the radius of the circle has a length r once we realize that the diagonal i the radius of the circle we can conclude that the length of x equals the length of radius r =, what is important about kohler circle problem, doesn't require mathematical equations the solution is obtained by first receiving the object and then representing it in a different way, process of changing the problems representation, sudden realization of a problems solution aha experience, did an experiment to distinguish between insight and non insight problems =, particiapnts working on an insight problem should not be very good at predicting how near they are to a solution whereas participants working on a nonishgt problem would be more likely to know when they are getting clother to the solution, gave participants insight problems and non insight problems and asked to make warmth judgments every 15 seconds as they were working on the problems hot is 7 indicating they believes they were getting close to the solution =, insight or nonishgt problem and time before solution, for isngith problems warmth reaimned low at or 3 just before the problem is solved and for algebra problems ratings gradually increased until problem was solved - insight occurs suddenly, illustrates how functional fixedness can hinder problem solving =, solution to dunkers 1945 candle problem =, when person realizes the matchbox can be used as a support rather than a container, group presented with boxes full frounf task more difficult than group with empty boxes, restricting the use of an object to its familiar functions =, participants given 3 jugs to measure out specify quantity of water =. 9 0 obj The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays. 1. frequently used object.d. Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field, Take a more effective approach to organizing the solution to a problem. Classify the triangle as acute, right, or obtuse. observing people to see how they solve problems in the real world is called ________. Later, she analyzes the recorded discussions, identifying certain problem-solving techniques. people arrive at the solution to an insight problem suddenly, but proceed more methodically t. The way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving. mental sets. When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. move the solver directly from the initial state to the goal state.c. His factory still had three cases of cartons, and Ali was told he could take them if he wanted them. a. how similar the objects in the problem are. I am a creative type of person. /dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guillemotleft/logicalnot/hyphen/registered/macron /Name /F2 Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? >> Using a juice glass as a container for orange juiced. /BaseFont /Courier-Oblique Holyoak and Koh presented different versions of the light bulb problem to assist in solving the radiation problem. Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps: a. restructuring, searching, and simulating. a. what negative feelings will occur following a decision more so than positive feelings. Demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. On the first day he went out wearing the new garment, he found a $50 bill on the sidewalk outside of his office. The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPT Bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. The main purpose of their experiment was to demonstrate thata. She decided to wait until her mother-in- law returned to ask her where the ladle was, leaving the soup in the stove pot. has a large number of potential solutions.c. Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up w/ creative uses for pre-inventive objects is they: How do cognitive psychologists approach researching the way people solve problems? /Resources Research in neuroeconomics has found that the function of the ________may be to deal with the cognitive demands of a given task, while the _____is responsible for handling emotional goals such as resenting an unfair outcome. The way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving. Cassandra is using what approach to solve her problem? present multiple sample de, Phoenix Decorating Company is responsible for designing and building many of the floral floats seen in the Tournament of Roses Parade every New Year's Day. d. incorrectly apply the permission schema. /eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis/divide fewer tacks are provided.b. He now refers to the jacket as his lucky jacket and believes that it has some magical power to give him good fortune. does have a clear identifiable solution. calfe & Wiebe, 1987). It is difficult to apply means-end analysis to an insight problem because it is difficult to define ____ for an insight problem.a. present one sample design for a brief period.c. Mia's observations are likely influenced from a judgment error based on her using, Jonas bought a new leather jacket after saving for many months for the luxury purchase. how analogies can be used to solve problems.b. /Name /F1 We weren't able to detect the audio language on your flashcards. Greg's friend, Matt, didn't believe his story because Matt knew that tuna are salt-water fish and aren't found in ponds. The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences betweena. as a matter of cognition). After the street to the south is re-opened, she continues to take the street to the north, even though it is a slightly longer route. Metcalfe & Wiebe gave participants problems to solve & asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. /F11 13 0 R well-definedd. >> /ProcSet 15 0 R >> She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. endobj intermediate states. d. subjective utility values following a decision. Divergent thinking is most closely associated with ____ problems.a. Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field. Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. c. The argument is weak because the observation does not consider other cities. d. It has a single correct answer. << was to: demonstrate a diff. Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution ____ prior to the solution of an insight problem and _______prior to the solution of a non-insight problem. a. performance is better for the concrete task. c. understanding why the procedure works successfully. Amber lives in a housing development between two parallel streets that both connect to a free-way. She decided to wait until her mother-in-law returned to ask her, Which of the following provides the best example of functional fixedness?a. noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection. endobj Bonnie is using. This particular discussion suggests that _____ may be more important than _____ in creat. 3, 8, 10, Fill in the blank to complete the trigonometric identity. d. the sudden realization of a problem's solution. c. misjudge homicide as more prevalent in the U.S. than suicide. Dual systems theory suggests that we have two systems that operate in cognition: one involving a fast, intuitive, non-conscious process, and the other, a slower, reflective, conscious processing system. This is an example of. Actions that take the problem from one state to another are known as -intermediate states -subgoals -operators -mental sets. Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem ifa. means-end analysis.c. endobj endobj Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution.

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