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[36] While al-Hariri was away, the Committee used the opportunity to undertake a purge of about 30 elite officersmostly political independentsunder al-Hariri's command. After mulling everything over, and at the advice of former Chief of Staff Amnon Lipkin-Shahak, Olmert decided to share the sensitive new information about Syria with the Americans. Ahmad Suwaydani, one of the new members of the Military Committee, was appointed Head of Military Intelligence and Mazyad Hunaydi became Head of the Military Police. The planning and the unfolding conspiracy was inspired by the Iraqi Regional Branch's successful military coup. A similar possibility regarding Syria was also considered during those years at the research branch of Military Intelligence. F-15 pilot talks about striking the Syrian nuclear reactor. AP Photo/Hassan Ammar. [11] However, the Ba'ath Party was not a purely middle-class party, and from the very beginning, it sent party cadres to rural areas to recruit new members and form new party organisations. The "War over Water", also the Battle over Water, was a series of confrontations between Israel and its Arab neighbors from November 1964 to May 1967 over control of water sources in the Jordan River drainage basin. He succeeded in persuading Bush to halt the diplomatic move and to commit to preventing leaks. And it was also the start of the intense hostility between that prime minister and his defense minister, which took root during that summer of 2007, and of the impassioned war over who among the top brass in the military organizations deserved the credit. [15] The establishment and the dissolution of the UAR was a catastrophe for the Ba'ath Party as it divided among those who supported the UAR, those who opposed it and those who opposed or supported the traditional leaders of the party. In Washington the Israeli delegation met with Vice President Dick Cheney and top people in the CIA and the National Security Council. And then we started to fly back, in accordance with the planning, at a low altitude. Subscribe here for top stories and breaking news straight to your inbox. The leader of Islamic State and one of the worlds most wanted men has been killed during an overnight raid in Syria by US special forces.. Israel has fired several missiles at Syrias border province of Quneitra, causing material damage. State media initially described the Damascus attack as a roadside bombing. Why Now? [19], In 1962, the military committee of the Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party spent most of its time planning to take power through a conventional military coup. He was a far more formidable opponent than al-Kudsi, and the Iraqi Regional Branch managed to take power through an alliance not only with military officers, but also with segments of the middle class. They are the best in the world. Before successful strike, Israel's most resounding intel failure. The Mossad intelligence division distributed a document with an assessment to that effect in February 2004. Shallal is situated nearby to Kur Udani and Ranhebas. [41] President Lu'ay al-Atassi subsequently resigned, signalling his disapproval of the executions. [18] The military, which in many countries is conservative and elitist, became radicalised in Syria because the military wanted greater power, believing that the traditional elite was unable to defend the country. Meir Dagan was skeptical about the findings; Syria was not a top priority for Mossad activity and the assessment did not constitute a breakthrough in the gathering of substantial proof. "[27] From that day, Umran gave the civilians a faint idea of what the committee members were planning. Shallal Shallal is a village in Shallal is situated close to the villages El Mazyunat Khaddzh Khasan and Jubb as Safa. That evening, the wedding of the chief of staffs secretary, Liron, went ahead as planned. Syrian artillery units opened fire on the construction site. This was a breathtaking drama, and unfortunately it played out in front of the top military commanders.. [25], On the night of 78 March, tanks and units loyal to the conspiracy began moving on Damascus. The Syrian silence helped this. According to David Makovsky, a researcher at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, in addition to eight attack planes, a number of other aircraft also took part in the operation. In the meantime, final preparations were under way in the air force. The war is referenced in the famous US antiwar 1965 song "Eve of Destruction" by Barry McGuire with the line "And even the Jordan River has bodies floatin'". The disagreement between them was a meeting between a certified lightweight who had never approved any real operational planning (Olmert) and a professional who had engaged in that for decades, from the days of Sayeret Matkal (the elite commando force Barak had led), and up through the weekly discussions on operations and incursions in the defense ministers and the chief of staffs offices (Barak). The Syrian pro-opposition website, Orient News, meanwhile said the jet's pilot had been identified as the commander of an Su-22 squadron at Shayrat. The vast majority of those who took part in the meetings describe a very sharp, determined leader, almost chomping at the bit. Efrat will know about it only now, when the articles and interviews are published. [8] The failure in the 1948 ArabIsraeli War led to the downfall of the traditional elite and the rise of the military in politics. The process, say many, was very organized, strictly by the book and a paragon of order by Israeli standards. U.S. Response to the al-Shabab Attack in Somalia Each plane drops two bombs. It had never happened that they came to an Israeli prime minister and told him: Very close to your home something is being built that could destroy the state. He pushed for formulation of alternative proposals. He recently recalled: I looked at the dancing guests and I said to myself: Five hours from now, we could be waking them up with sirens and Scud missiles falling in the center of the country. [26] Later that morning, the coupmakers convened at the army headquarters to celebrate. WebShallal is a village in Syria. For other water conflicts, see, Arab League summit meeting convened in Cairo, "Turning Water into Fire: the Jordan River as the Hidden Factor in The Six Day War", http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu18ce/uu18ce0a.htm#10.%20principles%20for%20confidence%20building%20measures%20in%20the%20jordan%20river%20watershed, http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80858e/80858E0m.htm, "An American in Palestine: Elwood Mead and Zionist Water Resource Planning, 1923-1936", Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine General Command, Wave of violence in the IsraeliPalestinian conflict, UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194, UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=War_over_Water_(Jordan_river)&oldid=1146917736, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 27 March 2023, at 19:01. Some two-thirds of peasants were landless. [10] Of the 150 delegates to the founding congress of the Arab Ba'ath Party in 1947, the majority were either middle-class professionals or intellectuals. An analysis of the operational possibilities for destroying the reactor, gradually led Israel to a realization that would ultimately guide the decision on the method of action that would be used. Ba'athism. Olmert, according to Barak, tended to act almost automatically, without due consideration. I said to him: The air force did what it was assigned to do., The prime minister celebrated the achievement by raising a toast. Shamal. When the intelligence people analyzed the material from Vienna, they were appalled. The inequality between urban and rural dwellers, together with capitalist penetration of the agrarian sector and the traditional elites' monopolisation of most large revenue sources, led to the establishment of peasant movements who fought for change or opposed the system. A Russian defence ministry spokesman said an equipment depot, a training building, a mess, six Syrian Air Force MiG-23s in repairing hangars, as well as a radar station were destroyed. WebAluf Benn. WebDAMASCUS, Syria Two bombs attached to a bus carrying Syrian troops exploded in Damascus during the morning rush hour Wednesday, killing 14 people and wounding Peres, who as leader of the opposition at the time of the bombing of the reactor in Iraq had expressed reservations about that attack as well, surprised Olmert with the suggestion that Israel should attempt to talk with the Syrians first. WebThe Syrian Civil War is an ongoing violent conflict in Syria between pro-democratic insurgents and Syrian President Bashar al-Assads long-standing dynastic regime. On Tuesday, US military radar systems monitored a Syrian Air Force fixed-wing aircraft take off from Shayrat and fly over Khan Sheikhoun on two occasions - at 06:37 local time (03:37 GMT) and 06:46. To hear opinions from individuals beyond the heads of the military and the intelligence communities, Olmert consulted (as did then-Defense Minister Amir Peretz, separately) other experienced people and external oversight teams. He announced his defection to opposition forces in a video aired by Al Arabiya TV on 25 December 2012. The two spoke, at Olmerts request, on a secure line. There are things you dont talk about. It certainly started as an uprising of Syrian citizens. The people who were seen nearby mostly arrived on motorcycles; it looked as though the structure stood empty at night. In one plane, a problem was solved, after [it had become clear that] not all the systems were working. However, the Military Committee, which had expanded its membership with five new members[note 1], ensured that the Ba'athists controlled the real levers of powers. The first indication of the Syrian regimes interest in purchasing nuclear research facilities came to the notice of Israel and the Western countries in the late 1990s, toward the end of the elder Assads rule. Both of us were very excited. The prime minister dwelled in particular on the meaning of life in Israel under the shadow of a nuclear threat and warned that this was a condition that was liable to cause profound demoralization of Israels populace. Now there are only exclamation points. The prime minister breathed a sigh and asked: What do we do with this? We said to him: We destroy. (In Olmerts circle, as often happens in such cases, they remember an opposite course of events. The Military Academy at Homs was put under Ba'athist controlseveral hundred Ba'athists, including Assad's brother Rifaat al-Assad, were given a crash course in military teaching before being given command. Caught in a pincer movement, the commander of the 70th Armoured Brigade, Lieutenant General Abd al-Karim surrendered to the plotters Umran took over as acting commander of the 70th Armoured Brigade. A U.S. airstrike targeting facilities used by Iran-backed militias in Syria appears to be a message to Tehran delivered by a new American administration still figuring out its approach to the Middle East. As in Mughniyehs case, Israel was accused of the killing but Jerusalem never officially responded. Since the attack in Syria we have also improved wonderfully in intelligence, in our range of action, in our ability to attack secretly., During the course of the past decade, the two operational air force squadrons have fiercely guarded the secret of the attack. The move was denied by the Russian defence ministry, but further satellite images taken at the end of March 2016 showed several Ka-52 Alligator and Mi-28N Night Hunter attack helicopters had also arrived, according to IHS Jane's. Yet no less, it is also a story of a big intelligence failure the worst since the Yom Kippur War, according to a number of top intelligence people in which Israel somehow managed for years not to notice a reactor being built right under its nose, in a neighboring country on whose surveillance Israel was spending vast amounts of money. In Israel they saw this mendacious statement without many details as reinforcement of the assessment that Assad intended to show restraint. And before that, at the end of 2008 and beginning of 2009, came the Israeli military operation known as Cast Lead against Hamas in Gaza. The Turks were not happy, but they decided not to make an issue of it, apparently in part because of their retrospective realization that a threat to them was also inherent in Assads secret project. [b], Modern Syria was first established in 1920 as the Arab Kingdom of Syria under King Faisal I. In mid-August, Olmert convened a dramatic cabinet meeting to discuss the implications of the attack. This system remained unchanged until the establishment of the United Arab Republic (UAR). Accordingly, the Arab states have to prepare the plans necessary for dealing with the political, economic and social aspects, so that if necessary results are not achieved, collective Arab military preparations, when they are not completed, will constitute the ultimate practical means for the final liquidation of Israel.[5]. He was waiting for us outside the plane as we landed, with hugs. WebShayrat airbase was the target of the US' first deliberate direct attack on Syrian forces since the start of the war six years ago. And since the existence of Israel is a danger that threatens the Arab nation, the diversion of the Jordan waters by it multiplies the dangers to Arab existence. A major escalation took place in 1964 when Israel declared it would regard the Diversion Project as an infringement on its sovereign rights. Asia. Some 59 cruise missiles were One of the key figures who led to the decision to bomb the Syrian reactor, the head of the Mossad at the time, Meir Dagan, died in March last year. Secondly, it caused huge embarrassment vis--vis Turkey, which at the time was a country friendly to Israel, even though Recep Tayyip Erdogan was already serving as prime minister. Both al-Kudsi and al-Hawrani were easily tracked down and arrested. The idea was to create redundancy. According to Sufrin, The Koreans and the Syrians built a camouflage structure on top of the reactor that made it look like a factory from the outside. Barak, however, began raising reservations. There was successful cooperation here among the intelligence organizations and between us and the government. That was marked as a point of no return, because an attack on a hot reactor was liable to cause tremendous environmental damage. The middle class owned the majority of small to medium properties. Ten Years of Silence on Syria Strike. The dilemma Israel faced with respect to the choice between effectiveness and secrecy did not end with the question of the operation itself. At the cabinet meeting I had already warned the ministers: Anyone who talks will be responsible for Assad reacting. [37][38] Al-Hariri was ordered to take a direct flight to the Syrian embassy in the United States, where he was reassigned as the embassy's military attache. Because hes got the worlds biggest balls.. Did this woman die because her genitals were cut? Everyone there is jumping up and down in excitement, like in a Hollywood movie. The revolution was led by an anti-oligarchical alliance of a radicalised lower middle class, strategic members of the officer corps, marginalised minorities and a significant number of peasants who were mobilised for agrarian conflict. [13], The Ba'ath Party faced a significant dilemma: take power through competitive elections or forceful takeover. The second option that was ultimately accepted, was sketched by the air force commander on a paper napkin in a brief conversation with the prime minister. The Syrian conflict began unfolding 11 years ago, in early March 2011. Russia said the Syrian jets had hit a rebel depot full of chemical munitions, but Mr Trump said "there can be no dispute that Syria used banned chemical weapons". Barak also thought an attack could embroil Israel in a war with Syria, in which it would again become clear that the IDF and the home front were not properly prepared. The Nasserists became allies of the Ba'ath, even while they supported Gamal Abdel Nasser and the reestablishment of the UAR. In contrast to the Iraqi regional branch, the Syrian regional branch did not have mass support or a significant support base in the middle class. We had a number of kinds of weapons, a mix that wouldnt leave you with a single malfunction point without the ability to compensate for it. [22] The military committee ordered a group of junior officers to recruit the leading independent Colonel Ziad al-Hariri, the commander of the front facing Israel, to their cause. In this matter, the Mossad concurred with the Military Intelligence assessment. The first involved many planes and could have ensured swift and very nearly certain destruction of the reactor, but it would leave behind a large footprint and was liable to spur the Syrians to a harsh response. Syria Everything goes according to the advance briefing. When the F-16I crew reported Arizona, it was 12:25 A.M., Israel time, on Friday, September 6. When Assad's forces reached the outskirts of the base, it was broad daylight. I cant remember him ever hugging me on any other occasion but this time he was all smiles. Amir says he never told his wife about that night in eastern Syria. He is usually a pretty reserved person. While Atassi and Hariri held powerful posts, they did not possess enough personal or political power to threaten the NCRC. You have done your bit for the people of Israel.. The ninth communique reinstated the five members of the military committee in the armed forces. However, Israel began to pay serious attention to that inclination only after the discovery of a serious intelligence gap in another country: Libya. US bases in north-east Syria have come under attack before, with the US responding with air strikes. Uranium fuel rods. We said to Barak: For every baby who is born in the next 200 years along the Euphrates with a deformity or a genetic defect, they will blame us straightaway. In a meeting on August 1, Barak forbade head of the IDF Planning Directorate Ido Nechushtan (who two years later would replace Shkedi as commander of the air force) to screen a presentation that reviewed the strategic picture and recommended a swift attack. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice was recommending a diplomatic move to thwart the reactor by means of applying pressure on Assad. And then you get to the target area, climb a bit higher, pulling into execution mode. [16], The 8 March Revolution has often been viewed as a mere military coup, but it had many of the ingredients of national revolts from below. [6], The mandate was dissolved in 1946 because of a British ultimatum to France, and Syria became an independent country on 17 April 1946. Following that, one of the F-16s was supposed to broadcast the word Arizona on long-range radio back to Tel Aviv to indicate that the target had been bombed according to plan. On 17 April a new stage-based unity agreement was reached that would include the three states in a federal union with Nasser as President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. [17] In an international context, the revolution took place because the state boundaries established by France were artificial and the hostility within the newly established Syria to the creation of Israel. However, there were no doubts about the decision itself. To make sure the reactor would be destroyed, it was necessary to deploy tremendous firepower, in the form of a relatively extensive aerial bombardment. WebThe Bombing of Shallal occurred on 23 January 1965 during the War over Water when the Israeli Air Force bombed the Syrian water pumping station at Shallal to prevent the The plan was that Assad would lead a company from al-Hariri's brigade to capture the air base before dawn to prevent air strikes. As far as is known, it was carried out without the advance permission or involvement of Iran or Syria. "[23] Al-Hariri supported the committee because Khalid al-Azm, the Prime Minister of Syria, was planning to demote him. Satellite imagery obtained by Stratfor that December showed construction work to improve the airbase. Historians in the future who will examine the minutes of those discussions wont know what to do with this dissonance., In contrast, however, another senior officer says: Had a war with Syria indeed broken out following the bombing and had the IDF been caught unprepared again, Barak was liable to have finished like Moshe Dayan after the Yom Kippur War.
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