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[49] The Second Liberian Civil War began in 1999 when Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy, a rebel group based in the northwest of the country, launched an armed insurrection against Taylor. Gbarpolu is the newest county, created in 2001. [104] When dealing with public-facing government functionaries, 89% of Liberians say they have had to pay a bribe, the highest national percentage in the world according to the organization's 2010 Global Corruption Barometer. [209] Heavy stews spiced with habanero and scotch bonnet chilies are popular and eaten with fufu. [79] Of households where bushmeat was served, 80% of residents said they cooked it "once in a while," while 13% cooked it once a week and 7% cooked bushmeat daily. [39], In the mid-20th century, Liberia gradually began to modernize with American assistance. [76] In 2012, President Sirleaf granted licenses to companies to cut down 58% of all the primary rainforest left in Liberia. [111] Upon the end of the war in 2003, GDP growth began to accelerate, reaching 9.4% in 2007. [53] [171] In other areas children are required to pay a tuition fee to attend school. Retrieved October 29, 2013, Marc DuBois and Caitlin Wake, with Scarlett Sturridge and Christina Bennett (2015). The Dei, Bassa, Kru, Gola, and Kissi were some of the earliest documented peoples in the area. Monrovia, capital, largest city, and chief Atlantic port of Liberia, located on Bushrod Island and Cape Mesurado. Liberia hosted National Fairs in 1857 and 1858 in which prizes were awarded for various needle arts. President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf At Official Launch and Fundraising Program Of the Grand Bassa Community College", "Government Moves Ahead With Education Decentralization Plans", "July 26 Celebrations Kick Off in Lofa As President Sirleaf Arrives", "Liberia's Weah announces free tuition for undergrads", "Starz University Aim For Global Success", "St Clements University College Liberia", "The State of the World's Midwifery 2011: Liberia", "Maternal health gets a new boost in Liberia", "Data: Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 1549)", "Liberia: Nurtitional "crisis" in Monrovia", "Data: Malnutrition prevalence, weight for age (% of children under 5). [77], Bushmeat is widely eaten in Liberia, and is considered a delicacy. [85], Liberia is divided into fifteen counties, which, in turn, are subdivided into a total of 90 districts and further subdivided into clans. Liberia forms part of the West African Shield, a rock formation 2.7 to 3.4 billion years old, composed of granite, schist, and gneiss. This was a cause for concern among the British colonial authorities of Sierra Leone and the French colonial authorities of French Guinea and the Ivory Coast as tensions with Germany increased. [148] In 2013, Liberia began importing power from neighboring Ivory Coast and Guinea through the West African Power Pool. The climate, especially on the coast, is warm and humid year-round, dominated by a dry season from November to April and by a rainy season from May to October. See hiking info, trail maps, and trip reports for every peak. The area includes Liberia's highest mountain, Mount Wuteve (Wutuwi) at 1,447 m, as well as several other peaks, including Mount Balagizi (1,100 m). The Kpelle comprise more than 20% of the population and are the largest ethnic group in Liberia, residing mostly in Bong County and adjacent areas in central Liberia. The University of Liberia is the country's largest and oldest university. Founding of Liberia, 1847 The founding of Liberia in the early 1800s was motivated by the domestic politics of slavery and race in the United States as well as by U.S. foreign policy interests. Bushrod Island is an island near Monrovia, Liberia surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, . All structured data from the file namespace is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; all unstructured text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; . Coauthor of. [82], Slash-and-burn agriculture is one of the human activities eroding Liberia's natural forests. [66] The inauguration marked Liberia's first fully democratic transition in 74 years. Liberia Population What Is The Population Of Liberia? Liberia was the first African republic to proclaim its independence and is Africa's first and oldest modern republic. James Monroe (for whom it was named) by the American Colonization Society as a settlement for freed American slaves. Liberia, country along the coast of western Africa. The colonial settlements were raided by the Kru and Grebo, from their inland chiefdoms. United Methodist University, a private Christian university located in Liberia, West Africa, it is commonly known amongst locals as UMU. A striking feature of the mountainous northern highlands along the Guinea frontier is Mount Nimba. [129][130][131][132] Liberia has a climate favourable to farming, vast forests, and an abundance of water, yet low yields mean that over half of foodstuffs are imported, with net agricultural trade at -$73.12 million in 2010. 2 Robin Dunn-Marcos et al., "Liberians: An Introduction to Their History Culture," Culture Profile No. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Overview: Map: Directions: Satellite: Photo Map: Overview: Map: . [1] An informal system of traditional courts still exists within the rural areas of the country, with trial by ordeal remaining common despite being officially outlawed. [119] This led to a United Nations ban on Liberian diamond exports in 2001, which was lifted in 2007 following Liberia's accession to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme. [56] Clickable Map of Africa, showing the countries, capitals and main cities. [158] Of those, 1,118,241 lived in Montserrado County, the most populous county in the country and home to the capital of Monrovia. A small minority of Liberians who are White Africans of European descent reside in the country. Minority ethnic groups especially were exploited in a system that enriched well-connected elites. [154] Among the companies to have won licenses are Repsol YPF, Chevron Corporation, and Woodside Petroleum. [90] GDP per capita peaked in 1980 at US$496, when it was comparable to Egypt's (at the time). Christopolis was renamed Monrovia after President James Monroe and the colony was formally called Liberia (the free land). A map of Liberia's major rivers and their drainage systems This is a list of rivers in Liberia . As of 2015, it had more than 8,000 mostly Liberian employees, making it the country's largest private employer. There was a decline in production of Liberian goods in the late 19th century, and the government struggled financially, resulting in indebtedness on a series of international loans. [167] A multitude of diverse Protestant confessions such as Lutheran, Baptist, Episcopal, Presbyterian, Pentecostal, United Methodist, African Methodist Episcopal (AME) and African Methodist Episcopal Zion (AME Zion) denominations form the bulk of the Christian population, followed by adherents of the Catholic Church and other non-Protestant Christians. The map can be downloaded, printed, and used for educational purposes or coloring. However, these animals, along with the already threatened elephants, bush cows (short-horned buffalo), and leopards, were hunted for food during the civil war; their populations are recovering. [109] In 2011, the country's nominal GDP was US$1.154 billion, while nominal GDP per capita stood at US$297, the third-lowest in the world. [172], Higher education is provided by a number of public and private universities. The coastal plains are about 350 miles (560 km) long and extend up to 25 miles (40 km) inland. 6CRF9647+VR. People along the coast built canoes and traded with other West Africans from Cap-Vert to the Gold Coast. One of the most well-known Liberian quilters was Martha Ann Ricks,[203] who presented a quilt featuring the famed Liberian coffee tree to Queen Victoria in 1892. Edward Wilmot Blyden, Bai T. Moore, Roland T. Dempster and Wilton G. S. Sankawulo are among Liberia's more prominent authors. As inland regions underwent desertification, inhabitants moved to the wetter coast. A peace deal was signed later that month. Liberia is divided into 15 counties which are subdivided into 90 and further into clans. [80] In pigs here and in Ivory Coast, that includes Tbg group 1. [106][107], Agriculture in Liberia is a major sector of the country's economy worth 38.8% of GDP, employing more than 70% of the population and providing a valuable export for one of the world's least developed countries (as defined by the UN). [1] Among the president's other duties are to sign or veto legislative bills, grant pardons, and appoint Cabinet members, judges, and other public officials. When President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf moved into the Executive Mansion, she reportedly had a Liberian-made quilt installed in her presidential office. [133] This was dismissed as a "misconception" by Liberia's Minister of Agriculture. The subsequent 2005 elections were internationally regarded as the freest and fairest in Liberian history. [95] A history of corruption among police officers diminishes public trust and operational effectiveness. "Monrovia's 'Never-Ending' Pollution Issues In 2013, Edwin M. Fayia III, "IDA Liberia: Digging Out Monrovia from the Waste of War", "2008 National Population and Housing Census: Preliminary Results", "The Model City Statute for the Liberian City", "Liberia: Police Corruption Harms Rights, Progress", http://www.odi.org/publications/8464-rape-weapon-war-liberia, "State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition", International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association, "71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal", "GDP per capita (current US$) |Data |Graph", "The Challenges of Post-War Reconstruction the Liberian Experience", "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: Liberia", "Liberian President: Government and People are Partners in Progress", "Quarter Three Fiscal Outturn, Fiscal Year 2010/11", "Second Quarter 2010/2011 Public Debt Management Report", "Government Announces Agreement with Chevron to Explore Liberian Waters", "Palm oil industry accused of land grabs in Liberia", "Firestone and Liberia Company History", "Liberia | Agriculture and Food Security | U.S. Agency for International Development", "Agriculture - Liberia - export, area, crops, annual, farming, system", "LIBERIA COMPREHENSIVE FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION SURVEY (CFSNS) JUNE 2013", "Liberia Agriculture Sheet - Open Data for Liberia", "Rice Production Booms in Southeast Liberia", "Liberia - Agriculture and Food Security", "Quick-Action Helps Maintain Key Mining Industries during Ebola Outbreak", "Coordinating Mining Conservation Efforts in Liberia", "PPIAF Supports Telecommunications Reform and Liberalization in Liberia", "Introduction to Communication and Development in Liberia", "Transport in Liberia: How to Get Around Safely", "Options for the Development of Liberia's Energy Sector", "Behind The Power Switch in Nimba, An optimism for Vibrant Economy", "Liberia may have over 1 bln barrels in oil resources", "NOCAL 2004 Liberia Offshore Bid Round Announcement", "Liberia Opens Bidding for 10 Offshore Oil Blocks", "Third Liberian Offshore Petroleum Licensing Round 2009", "Liberia marks out new oil blocks, auction seen soon", "Chevron, Liberia Sign Deepwater Offshore Exploration Agreement", "World Population Prospects Population Division United Nations", "2008 National Population and Housing Census Final Results: Population by County", United Nations World Population Prospects: 2006 revision, "Liberia's Ugly Past: Re-writing Liberian History", "The Constitution of the Republic of Liberia Chapter IV: Citizenship", "Liberia: Ma Ellen talk plenty plenty Liberian English", "2008 Population and Housing Census: Final Results", "International Religious Freedom Report 2010: Liberia", "Making Quality Education Affordable And Assessable To All Prez. During the rainy season there is often severe flooding in the coastal plains. Liberia declared independence on July 26, 1847, which the U.S. did not recognize until February 5, 1862. Located on the West African coast, Liberia covers an area of 111,369 sq. [citation needed] Liberia struggled to attract investment to develop infrastructure and a larger, industrial economy. [79] The survey was conducted during the last civil war, and bushmeat consumption is now believed to be far higher. Additional rivers of note are the Lofa, St. Paul, St. John and Cestos River, all of which flow into theAtlantic. Mean annual temperatures range between 65 F (18 C) in the northern highlands to 80 F (27 C) along the coast. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}630N 930W / 6.500N 9.500W / 6.500; -9.500. [46], The rebels soon split into various factions fighting one another. [28] The United Kingdom was the first country to recognize Liberia's independence. Liberian Muslims are divided between Sunnis, Shias, Ahmadiyyas, Sufis, and non-denominational Muslims.[169]. [73] Four terrestrial ecoregions lie within Liberia's borders: Guinean montane forests, Western Guinean lowland forests, Guinean forestsavanna mosaic, and Guinean mangroves. [207] Customary law allows men to have up to four wives. These features may represent social networks or some form of cultural diffusion allied to changing ecological conditions. "[93] In 2014, the US ambassador to Liberia said that corruption there was harming people through "unnecessary costs to products and services that are already difficult for many Liberians to afford". Liberia occupies an area of about 43,000 square miles and has a population of about 4,900,000 people. [34], Liberia remained neutral during World War I until August 4, 1917, upon declaring war on Germany. Liberia: The Providence Island - A forgotten or Abandoned Heritage It is a region suitable for agriculture and forestry. [89], Liberia's highest judicial authority is the Supreme Court, made up of five members and headed by the Chief Justice of Liberia. Liberia is bounded by Sierra Leone to the northwest, Guinea to the north, Cte dIvoire to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south and west. Providence Island - UNESCO World Heritage Centre The 1988 Omnibus Foreign Trade and Competitiveness Act designated the metric system as "the preferred system of weights and measures for United States trade and commerce," but in practice the system is in mixed usage, with the population generally preferring customary units and industries either fully metric or mixed. [citation needed], In the United States, there was a movement to settle free people of color, both free-born and formerly enslaved, in Africa. Shallow, coarse lithosols, in the hilly and rugged terrain, cover about one-eighth of the land. Latosols of low to medium fertility occur in rolling hill country and cover about three-fourths of the total land surface. Corrections? [20][21] By 1867, the ACS (and state-related chapters) had assisted in the migration of more than 13,000 people of color from the United States and the Caribbean to Liberia. Liberia has one of the highest incidences of sexual violence against women in the world. 1820 to 1847 | History Of Liberia: A Time Line | Articles and Essays The coastal plains are around 560 km long and 40 km wide and feature sandy beaches, lagoons, mangrove swamps, and some rocky outcrops. Crane, Keith; Gompert, David C; Oliker, Olga; Riley, Kevin Jack; and Lawson, Brooke Stearns. "Gender Roles, Marriage and Family", Economic Community of West African States, Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy, highest population growth rate in the world, Omnibus Foreign Trade and Competitiveness Act, "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022", "July 26, 1847 Liberian independence proclaimed", Liberia: History, Geography, Government, and Culture, "Praise for the woman who put Liberia back on its feet", "Liberians: An Introduction to their History and Culture", "A quantitative analysis of Liberian colonization from 1820 to 1843 with special reference to mortality", "Address on Colonization to a Deputation of Negroes", "These Abandoned Buildings Are the Last Remnants of Liberia's Founding History", "How a former slave gave a quilt to Queen Victoria", "Frontline/World Liberia No More War Liberia's Historic Ties to America PBS", "Independent Lens Iron Ladies of Liberia Liberian History PBS", Elections Chief Hints Slashing Numbers of Mushrooming Parties for 2005 Polls, "Elections history in Africa's oldest democratic republic: Liberia", "Commission's Report: International Commission of Enquiry in Liberia", "Pan-Africanism Revisited: Vision and Reality of African Unity and Development", "Liberia and the United States: A Complex Relationship", "Liberia's civil war: Fiddling while Monrovia burns", "Profile: Leymah Gbowee Liberia's 'peace warrior', "Taylor resigns as president of Liberia, leaves the country", "Liberia: UNMIL extends deployment as more troops arrive", United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, "LiberiaNigeria: "Time to bring Taylor issue to closure," says Sirleaf", "Taylor Sent Off to Face War Crimes Charges", "War-battered nation launches truth commission", "Tuesday, July 26, is National Independence Day; to be Observed as National Holiday", "Sirleaf seen winning Liberia run-off vote", "From Football King To Liberian President George Weah's Journey", "Top 10 youngest serving presidents in Africa, 2018", "George Weah sworn in as Liberia's president", "Building effective climate governance in Liberia Liberia", "Multinational Investment and the Development of an Export Industry: Rubber in Liberia", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Supplementary Material", "Poaching in Liberia's Forests Threatens Rare Animals", 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T10032A18567171.en, "Extinction is forever: A crisis that is Liberia's endangered wildlife", "The elimination of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense? Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of Delaware, Newark. [40], After the war, President William Tubman encouraged foreign investment, with Liberia achieving the second-highest rate of economic growth in the world during the 1950s. [86], Prior to the 2008 census, the last census had been taken in 1984 and listed the country's population as 2,101,628. [23], The ACS, supported by prominent American politicians such as Abraham Lincoln, Henry Clay, and James Monroe, believed "repatriation" was preferable to having emancipated slaves remain in the United States. [88] All existing local governmentscities, townships, and a boroughwere created by specific acts of the Liberian government, and thus the structure and duties/responsibilities of each local government varies greatly from one to the other. As observed on Liberia's physical map, the elevation of the land gradually increases with distance from the coast. Together with the vice president, the president is elected to a six-year term by majority vote in a two-round system and can serve up to two terms in office. [68] However, Mount Nimba near Yekepa, is higher at 4,724 feet (1,440m) above sea level but is not wholly within Liberia as Nimba shares a border with Guinea and Ivory Coast and is their tallest mountain as well. Between 1461 and the late 17th century, Portuguese, Dutch, and British traders had contacts and trading posts in the region. Liberias terrain ranges from the low and sandy coastal plains to rolling hills and dissected plateau further inland. PDF A Brief History of Liberia - International Center for Transitional Justice [96], Rape and sexual assault are frequent in the post-conflict era in Liberia. [22] These free African Americans and their descendants married within their community and came to identify as Americo-Liberians. [25], On July 26, 1847, the settlers issued a Declaration of Independence and promulgated a constitution. Mande-speaking people expanded from the north and east, forcing many smaller ethnic groups southward toward the Atlantic Ocean. [68] Climate change in Liberia causes many problems as Liberia is particularly vulnerable to climate change. [81], The Hairy Slit-Faced Bat (Nycteris hispida) suffers from malaria here. [94] The National Police Training Academy is in Paynesville City. [76], Pollution is a significant issue in Monrovia. St. Clements University College (Liberia), a private higher education institution that was founded in 2008. Stella Maris Polytechnic, a post-secondary, private institution of higher learning. Like many other countries in Africa, Liberia both faces existing environmental issues, as well as sustainable development challenges. Moumouni, Guillaume. Total capacity in 2013 was 20 MW, a sharp decline from a peak of 191 MW in 1989 before the wars. The emerging chronometric record of the Middle Stone Age (MSA) indicates that core and flake technologies have been present in West Africa since at least the Chibanian (~780126 thousand years ago or ka) in northern, open Sahelian zones, and that they persisted until the Terminal Pleistocene/Holocene boundary (~12ka) in both northern and southern zones of West Africa. Believing themselves different from and culturally and educationally superior to the indigenous peoples, the Americo-Liberians developed as an elite minority that created and held on to political power. Map of the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent, located on the African continental plate. It hosts FIFA World Cup qualifying matches in addition to international concerts and national political events. This article is about the country in Africa. [101] When President Sirleaf took office in 2006, she announced that corruption was "the major public enemy. The settlers wore top hat and tails and modeled their homes on those of Southern slaveowners. During World War II, Liberia supported the United States war effort against Germany, and in turn received considerable American investment in infrastructure, which aided the country's wealth and development. Based on the political principles of the United States Constitution, it established the independent Republic of Liberia. [74] It had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 4.79/10, ranking it 116th globally out of 172 countries. [1][162][bettersourceneeded] These latter two groups established political control in the 19th century which they kept well into the 20th century. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [215], The Liberian government has begun transitioning away from use of United States customary units to the metric system. [57] Public schools offer biblical studies, though parents may opt their children out. Liberia imports 90% of its rice, a staple food, and is extremely vulnerable to food shortages. The "Black Continent" is divided roughly in two by the equator and surrounded by sea except where the Isthmus of Suez joins it to Asia. [43], After Liberia adopted a new constitution in 1985, Doe was elected president in subsequent elections that were internationally condemned as fraudulent. )[37], Soon after, allegations of modern slavery in Liberia led the League of Nations to establish the Christy commission. Along the coast lie beds of sandstone, with occasional crystalline-rock outcrops. [84] Since 2006, the international community has paid for all garbage collection and disposal in Monrovia via the World Bank. [161] Americo-Liberians, who are descendants of African American and West Indian, mostly Barbadian (Bajan) settlers, make up 2.5%. In 1824 the territory was named Liberia, and its main settlement was named Monrovia, which is the present-day capital. Cape Mount near the border with Sierra Leone receives the most precipitation in the nation. [170] In some areas primary and secondary education is free and compulsory from the ages of 6 to 16, though enforcement of attendance is lax. [193] In 2008, only 17% of the population had access to adequate sanitation facilities. In 1980, political tensions from the rule of William R. Tolbert resulted in a military coup during which Tolbert was killed, marking the end of Americo-Liberian rule in the country and beginning over two decades of political instability. This page was last edited on 16 April 2023, at 03:12. A small number of people were Bah, Hindu, Sikh, or Buddhist. Forestry is an important industry in Liberia. The first town (1822) was on Providence Island at the mouth of the Mesurado River. As the nation's primate city, Monrovia is the country's economic, financial and cultural center; its economy is primarily centered on . Official Name: Republic of Liberia Location: West Africa coast between Sierra Leone, Guinea, Cte d'Ivoire, and the Atlantic Ocean Population: 5,057,681 (as of 2020) Land Area: 43,000 square miles (111,369 square kilometres) Capital: Monrovia Official Language: English Form of Government: Unitary presidential constitutional republic [97], Both male and female homosexuality are illegal in Liberia. Between 1822 and the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, more than 15,000 freed and free-born African Americans, along with 3,198 Afro-Caribbeans, relocated to Liberia. The 7 Best Small Towns In Nevada To Chill Out, 11 Coolest Small Towns in Washington for a Summer Vacation. Liberia Maps & Facts - World Atlas

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