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It has been argued by some Romanian researchers that "Ramunc" was not the name of the duke, but a name that highlighted his ethnicity. Victor Babe discovered more than 50 germs and a cure for a disease named after him, babesiosis; biologist Nicolae Paulescu was among the first scientists to identify insulin. Until the 17th century, the official language of the liturgy was Old Church Slavonic. The Hungarian minority in Romania constitutes the country's largest minority, or as much as 6.0 per cent of the entire population. In 2014, the PNL-PDL candidate (as part of the larger Christian Liberal Alliance or ACL for short; also endorsed by the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania, FDGR/DFDR for short respectively) Klaus Iohannis won a surprise victory over former Prime Minister and PSD-supported contender Victor Ponta in the second round of the 2014 presidential elections. Romani people constitute one of Romania's largest minorities. [69], Scythia Minor (c. 290 c. 680) was a Roman province corresponding to the lands between the Danube and the Black Sea, today's Dobruja divided between Romania and Bulgaria. [68] The territory of the diocese was devastated by the Huns in the middle of 5th century and finally overrun by the Avars and Slavs in late 6th and early 7th century. The Roma culture has a rich oral tradition, with an emphasis on family. The early Romans adopted culture from their neighbors, the Greeks, and Etruscans, in particular, but imprinted their unique stamp on their borrowings. This is our way of being friendly. [70][71] The capital of the province was Tomis (today Constana). ara noastr a pierdut peste un milion de locuitori fa de acum 10 ani", International Boundary Study Hungary Romania (Rumania) Boundary, "The Slavonian Census of 1698. An error range for the estimate is not provided. In the 12th century, the Jewish traveller Benjamin of Tudela, who toured the area in 1166 called the region of Thessaly "Vlachia". Did Romans Have an Ethnic Identity? | Antichthon | Cambridge Core Subsequently, the Soviet Union imposed a communist government and King Michael was forced to abdicate and leave for exile, subsequently settling in Switzerland, while Petru Groza remained the head of the government of the Socialist Republic of Romania (RSR). [172] Haplogroup R1a, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup which is distributed in a large region in Eurasia, extending from Scandinavia and Central Europe to southern Siberia and South Asia. Since the Romanian Revolution of 1989, Bucharest and other cities have again become increasingly cosmopolitan, including identifiable presences from outside the EU (Chinese, Turks, Moldovans, Syrians, Iraqis, Africans) as well as from the EU (French, Italians, Germans, British, Greeks). Following Constantinescu's single term as president from 1996 to 2000, Iliescu was re-elected in late 2000 for another term of four years. Romanian Culture - Core Concepts Cultural Atlas The Moldovan language, in its official form, is practically identical to Romanian, although there are some differences in colloquial speech. The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Also, this number does not include ethnic-Romanians who no longer speak the Romanian language. (tii romnete?, "do you speak Romanian?"). [160] Like in all other Romance languages, the basic Romanian words related to Christianity are inherited from Latin, such as God (Dumnezeu < Domine Deus), church (biseric < basilica), cross (cruce < crux, -cis), angel (nger < angelus), saint (regional: sfn(t) < sanctus), Christmas (Crciun < creatio, -onis), Christian (cretin < christianus), Easter (pate < paschae), sin (pcat < peccatum), to baptise (a boteza < batizare), priest (preot < presbiterum), to pray (a ruga < rogare), faith (credin < credentia), and so on. Romani people. The current vital statistics of Romania are as follows:[34], Average life expectancy at age 0 of the total population.[35]. Romanians are usually traditional and very attached to their families, so even you are dating an independent Romanian, don't underestimate the importance of the family in their life. This is because these terms aren't widely used outside of data collection. As of 2017, an Ethnologue estimation puts the (worldwide) number of Romanian speakers at approximately 24.15 million. This article is about the demographic features of the population of Romania, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.. About 89.3% of the people of Romania are ethnic Romanians (as per the 2022 Romanian census), whose native language, Romanian, is a Daco-Romance language . [173][174] Haplogroup R1a among Romanians is entirely from the Eastern European variety Z282 and may be a result of Baltic, Thracian or Slavic descent. For example, the 'broad Asian group' or the 'specific Pakistani group'. [98] [99][100] Accordingly, historians have located this homeland in several places, including Pannonia Inferior (Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu) and Dacia Aureliana (Mtys Gyni). Romnia are 19.053.815 locuitori. [73] The indigenous population of Scythia Minor was Dacian and their material culture is apparent archaeologically into the sixth century. Following the conquest of Southern and Central Transylvania around 830, people from the Bulgar Empire mined salt from mines in Turda, Ocna Mure, Sreni and Ocnia. "Vlach" was an exonym used almost exclusively for the Romanians during the Middle Ages. The generations born in 1967 and 1968 were the largest, although fertility remained relatively high until 1990. [170] The frequency of I2a1 (I-P37) in the Balkans today is owed to indigenous European hunter-gatherers tribes, and was present before the Slavic migrations to the Balkans. Romanian nationalist believe their are descanded from Dacians. Romanians - Wikipedia [113], Royal charters wrote of the "Vlachs' land" in southern Transylvania in the early 13th century, indicating the existence of autonomous Romanian communities. [91][92], A series of Byzantine historians, such as George Kedrenos (circa 1000), Kekaumenos (circa 1000), John Skylitzes (early 1040s after 1101), Anna Komnene (1083-1153), John Kinnamos (1143-1185) and Niketas Choniates (1155-1217) were some of the first to write about the Vlachs. Besides the separation of some groups (Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, and Istro-Romanians) during the Age of Migration, many Vlachs could be found all over the Balkans, in Transylvania,[75] across Carpathian Mountains[76] as far north as Poland and as far west as the regions of Moravia (part of the modern Czech Republic), some went as far east as Volhynia of western Ukraine, and the present-day Croatia where the Morlachs gradually disappeared, while the Catholic and Orthodox Vlachs took Croat and Serb national identity. It has been said that they constitute "an island of Latinity"[5] in Eastern Europe, surrounded on all sides either by Slavic peoples (namely Southern Slavic peoples and Eastern Slavic peoples) or by the Hungarians. However, Moldavia and Wallachia (extending to Dobruja and Bulgaria) were not entirely subdued by the Ottomans as both principalities became autonomous (which was not the case of other Ottoman territorial possessions in Europe). According to the 2011 Romanian census, they number 621,573 people or 3.08% of the total population, being the second-largest ethnic minority in Romania after Hungarians,[21] with significant populations in Mure (8.9%) and Clrai (7,47%) counties. As average population is an estimate of the population in the middle of the year and not end of the year. An eastern Romanian: 0.1% Southeast Asian + 0.1% Broadly East Asian + less than 0.1% Broadly East Asian and Native American Another eastern Romanian: 0.6% Mongolian + 0.1% Yakut + 0.2% Broadly East Asian Another eastern Romanian: 0.9% East Asian, 0.1% Native American, 0.2% Broadly East Asian and Native American Transylvania, a third region inhabited by an important majority of Romanian speakers, was a vassal state of the Ottomans until 1687, when the principality became part of the Habsburg possessions. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). Roman people - Wikipedia The second number includes all Romanians in Spain, thus taking into account second and third generation Romanians or nationalized ones that count as Spanish in the census. [77], The first written record about a Romance language spoken in the Middle Ages in the Balkans, near the Haemus Mons is from 587 AD. In 1916, Romania joined the war on the side of the Triple Entente. [103] Anna Komnene reports that in 1094, on the occasion of the Cumans' campaign south of the Danube, Emperor Alexios I Komnenos was informed about the movements of the "Turanians", who had crossed the Danube by "a certain Pudilos, a Vlach noble". An older form of romn was still in use in some regions. International Statistics", "VOLUMUL II: POPULAIA STABIL (REZIDENT) STRUCTURA ETNIC I CONFESIONAL", "Population on 1 January by age group, sex and country of birth", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Romania&oldid=1150440151. This estimate notes however that "other immigrants of Romanian national minority groups have been included such as: Armenians, Germans, Gypsies, Hungarians, Jews, and Ukrainians". List of ethnic groups - GOV.UK [86] The document signed by Basil II to give the position of archon of the Vlachs to Nekulitsa is mentioned in Strategikon of Kekaumenos (written between 1075 and 1078 AD). 137-177. ISBN 0-19-504652-8. In the history of aviation, Traian Vuia and Aurel Vlaicu built and tested some of the earliest aircraft designs, while Henri Coand discovered the Coand effect of fluidics. Performance Arts Traditional Romanian dancers. The Roma are an ethnic people who have migrated across Europe for a thousand years. 1. Romania has a long tradition of folk music. After the end of the war, the Romanian Kingdom managed to regain territories lost westward but was nonetheless not given Bessarabia and northern Bukovina back, the aforementioned regions being forcefully incorporated into the Soviet Union (USSR). Which makes the United States home to the largest Romanian community outside Romania. If we need to, we refer to either 'aggregated' ethnic groups or ethnic groups 'as a whole'. Before World War II, minorities represented more than 28% of the total population. Historian Gheorghe I. Brtianu considers that these words "represent an expression from the Romanian language, as it was formed at that time in the Balkan and Danube regions"; "they probably belong to one and the most significant of the substrates on which our (Romanian) language was built".[78]. The third theory also known as the admigration theory, proposed by Dimitrie Onciul (18561923), posits that the formation of the Romanian people occurred in the former "Dacia Traiana" province, and in the central regions of the Balkan Peninsula. Ancient Rome | History, Government, Religion, Maps, & Facts [65] It was reorganized as Dacia Ripensis (as a military province, devastated by an Avars invasion in 586) [66] and Dacia Mediterranea (as a civil province, devastated by an Avar invasion in 602). The remainder, 43.6 percent, lives in rural areas (9,695,506 people in total). The function received by Nikulitsa might have been as a commander of a Vlach army. Hbork s hadvisels az rpdok korban [Wars and Tactics under the rpds] (in Hungarian). C'est ce qu'a imagin l'auteur et dessinateur Christophe Chabout dans son roman graphique intitul Muse. The 2021 Romanian census found that just under 89.3% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians.[60]. The 2021 Romanian census found that just under 89.3% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians. [133] Under regular phonetical changes that are typical to the Romanian language, the name romanus over the centuries transformed into rumn [rumn]. Almost 90% of all Romanians consider themselves religious. During the late Middle Ages, prominent medieval Romanian monarchs such as Bogdan of Moldavia, Stephen the Great, Mircea the Elder, Michael the Brave, or Vlad the Impaler took part actively in the history of Central Europe by waging tumultuous wars and leading noteworthy crusades against the then continuously expanding Ottoman Empire, at times allied with either the Kingdom of Poland or the Kingdom of Hungary in these causes. V. Mrcule, The Vlachs in the military actions during the Comnen, in Revista de Istorie Militar, 2(60), 2000, p. 46-47 (hereinafter: The Vlachs during the Comnen). Later rulers, especially Ivan Asen II, styled themselves "Tsars (Emperors) of Bulgarians and Romans". King Burebista who reigned from 82/61 BC to 45/44 BC, was the first king who successfully unified the tribes of the Dacian kingdom, which comprised the area located between the Danube, Tisza, and Dniester rivers. ISBN 963-9441-87-2. Country comparison to the world: 106th, This page was last edited on 18 April 2023, at 05:54. In 1699 it became a part of the Habsburg lands. [158] A 2006 poll conducted by the Open Society Foundations found that only 33% of Romanians attended church once a month or more. [9] Among the causes of population decline are high mortality, a low fertility rate since 1990, and tremendous levels of emigration. Race is defined as "a category of humankind that shares certain distinctive physical traits.". Theophanes the Confessor recorded it as part of a 6th-century military expedition by Comentiolus and Priscus against the Avars. Minorities of Romania - Wikipedia [175] [176] Other studies analyzing the haplogroup frequency among Romanians came to similar results. [72] Roman fortifications mostly date to the Tetrarchy or the Constantinian dynasty. [94]Kekaumenos's father-in-law was Nikulitzas Delphinas, a lord of Larissa who took part in the revolt of Bulgarians and Vlachs in Thessaly in 1066 AD. Rootsi, Siiri (2004). For example, Onoriu Colcel considers that the terms "Romania" and "Romanian" would only have appeared during the 19th century. The mid-19th century political discourse of Romanian elites, which rejected the idea of transplanting Western forms of development onto profoundly Oriental societies such as those in the Romanian kingdoms, marked the Romanian national discourse for the next 150 years. Sources give varied estimates for Romania's historical population. Tartu University Press. The eastern territory losses were facilitated by the Molotov-Ribbentrop Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact. During the interwar period in Romania, the total number of ethnic Germans amounted to as much as 786,000 (according to some sources and estimates dating to 1939),[13][14] a figure which had subsequently fallen to circa 36,000 as of 2011 in contemporary Romania. While the Raducanus I actually know are of Romanian ethnicity, in all other occasions I came across this name, the owners were Roma. Then, it gradually changed to Romanian. Romanians and Romania: A Brief History. 1 Green myth. [90] Ibn al-Nadm (early 932998) published in 998 the work Kitb al-Fihrist mentioning "Turks, Bulgars and Vlahs" (using Blagha for Vlachs). [124] "Vlachia", "Great Vlachia", and the other variants began to fall out of use for Thessaly at the turn of the 14th century, and with the emergence of the Principality of Wallachia north of the Danube in the 14th century, from the 15th century the name was reserved for it. [7], Romania's population has declined steadily in recent decades, from a peak of 23.2 million in 1990 to 19.12 million in 2021. Romania | History, Map, & Facts | Britannica The National Institute for Research and Development in Informatics (NIRDI) gives the following numbers (the figure for 2020 was provided by the National Institute of Statistics - INSSE): Slightly more than 10% of the population of Romania is formed of minorities of Romania. Nicolae Ceauescu became the head of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) in 1965 and his severe rule of the 1980s was ended by the Romanian Revolution of 1989. Cei mai muli lucreaz n industria alimentar", "Europe:: Romania the World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency", "Comunicat de pres privind rezultatele provizorii ale Recensmntului Populaiei i Locuinelor 2011", "Hungarians in Transylvania between 1870 and 1995. Most of the specialists who have addressed these aspects have identified those " bold mountaineers ", with the 'Vlachs. [83][84][85] However the document was written between 1200 and 1230, around 300 years after the described events and some modern historians have reservations about it and find it unreliable. The origins of the Romanian language, a Romance language, can be traced back to the Roman colonisation of the region. Iliescu remained in power as head of state until 1996, when he was defeated by CDR-supported Emil Constantinescu in the 1996 general elections, the first in post-communist Romania that saw a peaceful transition of power. That year, the governor of Servia, Nikulitsa received the position of leader (archon) of the Vlachs from Hellas from Emperor Basil II. Another important document mentioning Romanians (Vlachs) from the South A far better indicator of the Roman outlook is the remarkable practice of extending citizenship to manumitted slaves almost all of whom (or their ancestors) came from abroad. The ethnic origins of Romanians - Stormfront [142], Other researchers have expressed a different point of view and have doubted or denied the continuity of the ethonym "Romanian" from "Roman", at least on an ethnic sense. Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 5001250. Boulder. Over 60% of all Romanian Ukrainians live in Maramure County (where they make up 6.77% of the population). It also includes an unspecified allowance for second- and third-generation Romanians, and an indeterminate number living in Canada. [122][123] The contemporary Byzantine historian Niketas Choniates however distinguishes "Great Vlachia" as a district near Meteora. Thus, Iohannis became the first Romanian president stemming from an ethnic minority of the country (as he belongs to the Romanian-German community, being a Transylvanian Saxon). In the 14th century the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia emerged to fight the Ottoman Empire. There are different estimates about the size of the total population of people with Romani ancestry in Romania because a lot of people of Romani descent do not declare themselves Romani. After Hungarians and Romani, Ukrainians of Romania are the third-largest minority. Religious affiliation tends to follow ethnic lines, with most ethnic Romanians identifying with the Romanian Orthodox Church. III, Bucharest, 1975, VI, pp 3. Since 2013, the Romanian Language Day is celebrated on 31 August in Romania. [104][105][106], The Byzantine chronicler John Kinnamos, presenting the campaign of Manuel I Komnenos against Hungary in 1166, reports that General Leon Vatatzes had under his command "a great multitude of Vlachs, who are said to be ancient colonies of those in Italy", an army that attacked the Hungarian possessions "about the lands near the Pontus called the Euxine", respectively the southeastern regions of Transylvania, "destroyed everything without sparing and trampled everything it encountered in its passage". Oxford: Oxford University Press. During the interwar period, two additional monarchs came to the Romanian throne, namely Carol II and Michael I. v.1: "Mysl.1987. Census 2021 and 2011 Census data on unpaid care and ethnic group in England and Wales. [162], According to a triple analysis autosomal, mitochondrial and paternal of available data from large-scale studies, the whole genome SNP data situates Romanians are most closely related to Bulgarians, Macedonians, followed by other European populations, which form a coherent cluster among worldwide populations. [146] Wolfgang Dahmen claims that the meaning of romanus (Roman) as "Christian", as opposed to "pagan", which used to mean "non-Roman", may have contributed to the preservation of this word as an ethonym of the Romanian people, under the meaning of "Christian". [37], The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated. [134] According to Tomasz Kamusella, at the time of the rise of Romanian nationalism during the early 19th century, the political leaders of Wallachia and Moldavia were aware that the name Romnia was identical to Romania, a name that had been used for the former Byzantine Empire by its inhabitants.
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